Transverse myelitis is inflammation of a segment of the spinal cord. It occurs most frequently between the ages of 10-19 years and 30-39 years.
In 15-30% of cases no trigger is found. It is sometimes attributed to a viral infection, an autoimmune reaction, insufficient blood flow or a demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis.
It manifests with symptoms below the area of swollen spinal cord. It usually presents as low back pain of rapid onset, with impaired sensation and mobility in the legs. It may be accompanied by alterations in bowel and urinary bladder function.
It is diagnosed by clinical history and physical examination with an exhaustive neurological study. The most informative imaging test is an MRI.
Treatment aims to reduce inflammation with corticosteroids as anti-inflammatories and the usual analgesics for pain control. It should be combined with rehabilitation.
About 30% of patients recover without sequelae, while others are left with permanent impairment.
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