Urinary tract infection - Cystitis

Cystitis is the name given to any inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is more common in women than in men. It is classified as sporadic or recurrent and complicated or uncomplicated.

There are several causes, although infection is the most common one. Generally, infection is bacterial and up to 80% of cases the bacterial agent is E. coli.

The most common symptoms are increased urinary frequency, a burning sensation when urinating, cloudy urine, pain in the suprapubic region, low-grade fever, cramps in the lower abdomen or back and compelling need to urinate, even after having done so a few minutes ago. In the elderly, it may appear as a symptom set of weakness, fever, confusion and even falls.

It is diagnosed through the medical record and a urine test. A urine culture should be carried out to find out the causal microorganism. Imaging tests may be needed to rule out complications.

Treatment will be focused on the triggering cause. If the origin is an infection, an antibiotic will be administered. Non-pharmacological measures will include drinking plenty of water, maintaining proper hygiene avoiding contact between the microorganisms from the anal region and the urinary system, preventing constipation and passing urine frequently, particularly before and after sexual intercourse.